The Ten Promised Paradise (al-ʿAshara al-Mubashsharūn) in Islam

In Sunni Islam, there is a well-known tradition about ten companions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) who were allegedly promised Paradise by Allah SWT. This group is referred to as al-ʿAshara al-Mubashsharūn, which translates to “The Ten Who Were Given the Glad Tidings“. However, it’s important to approach this topic with nuance and consider various perspectives.

The List and its Source:

There are different versions of the list, but the most commonly accepted names include:

1. Abu Bakr (RA): Close friend and first caliph after the Prophet’s death.
2. Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA): Second caliph known for his piety and leadership.
3. Uthman ibn Affan (RA): Third caliph and a leading figure in Quranic compilation.
4. Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA): Cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet, revered in both Sunni and Shia Islam.
5. Talha ibn Ubaydullah (RA): Early convert and prominent figure in early Islamic governance.
6. Zubayr ibn al-Awwam (RA): Brave warrior and early supporter of the Prophet.
7. Abdur Rahman ibn Awf (RA): Wealthy merchant who used his resources for the Muslim community.
8. Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas (RA): Commander of early Muslim armies and a successful military leader.
9. Saeed ibn Zayd (RA): A scribe and close companion of the Prophet.
10. Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah (RA): Military commander and advisor, known for his piety and leadership.

The primary source for this tradition is a hadith (saying) narrated by Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, where the Prophet mentions each of these names and says, “He will be in Paradise” (narrated by al-Tirmidhi). However, the authenticity of this hadith is debated among scholars, with some raising concerns about its chain of transmission and potential historical inconsistencies.

Significance and Perspectives:

Despite the debate about its authenticity, the tradition of al-ʿAshara al-Mubashsharūn holds significant symbolic value in Sunni Islam. It highlights the exemplary character and contributions of these early companions, serving as a source of inspiration and emulation for later generations.

Hayatus Sahaba English – 3 Volume Set – Lives of The Sahabah (soltlane.com)